Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

Ernest Hemingway Essay Ernest Miller Hemingway was considered one of the great American authors of the 20th century. Hemingways unique style of writing set him apart from other authors of this time and of today. He influenced many generations of authors with his style of using powerful, precise words. He used few adjectives, simple verbs, and short sentences in his works. Hemingway believed that his writing should be based on knowledge that he had acquired on a particular subject through his own personal life. In a passage from Hemingways Death in the Afternoon, he wrote If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. This is in fact why Hemingway wrote most of his novels and stories in the first person point of view. Hemingway was also known for the dialogue he wrote between his characters. This allowed the reader to see his characters emotions and inner thoughts. Ernest Hemingways style challenged readers to look below the surface for the meaning of his words. This was known as the Iceberg Theory because the tip of an iceberg is the only visible portion above the sea while the largest part is far below the sea. The Hemingway hero, a male character who faces violence and destruction with courage, and the Hemingway code, unemotional behavior in difficult and dangerous situations, were also trademarks of Hemingways style. To better understand Ernest Hemingway as an author, one must first look at Hemingway as a person. Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899 in Illinois. As a young boy, Hemingway enjoyed hunting and fishing at the family cabin in rural Michigan. These outings allowed him to gain appreciation for Mother Nature, and to look for adventure in many parts of the world. This love of the outdoors was reflected in many of his writings, such as The Green Hills of Africa published in 1935. During Hemingways high school years, he was editor of the school newspaper. This was the beginning of his writing career. Shortly after graduation, Hemingway went into battle during World War I, where he was an ambulance driver. He became injured and returned to Illinois where he landed a job with the Toronto Star. He became a war correspondent, moved to Paris, and got the opportunity to interview many European political leaders, such as Mussolini. These two events influenced Hemingway to write his first best-seller, A Farewell to Arms, in 1929. Hemingways job, a reporter and journalist, required him to write short and to-the-point articles, which was how he wrote as an author. In 1929, this style of writing led Hemingway to write and publish his first work, Three Stories and Ten Poems. Hemingway the author was born. Ernest Hemingway was married four times. The first two marriages failed because Hemingway was unhappy, the third failed because his wife was unhappy, and the fourth continued until the end of Hemingways life. Hemingway never had a female as the main character in his works. In 1939, Hemingways father committed suicide after battling high blood pressure and diabetes for many years. The painful experience of his fathers death influenced the novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls. Hemingway moved to Cuba in 1945 where he wrote The Old Man and the Sea, a novel about an old fisherman who battled a giant marlin and the sea. This novel won Hemingway a Pulitzer Prize. In 1954, this novel also won Ernest Hemingway the Nobel Prize for Literature. He could not attend the ceremonies because of injuries he received in a near fatal plane crash. Hemingway was forced to move back to the United States in 1960 because of the communist movement led by Fidel Castro. Hemingways health began to deteriate. His injuries from the plane crash prevented him from enjoying his love for the outdoors and his love for writing. Hemingway sank into a state of depression and shot himself, just as his father had done some years earlier. Hemingway had several unfinished works, such as The Garden of Eden and A Moveable Feast, which were published to satisfy the reading public who longed for more of his great style of writing. Hills Like White Elephants and A Clean Well-Lighted Place were two short stories written by Ernest Hemingway during his career as an author. They both show Hemingways ability to entertain the reader with his short, simple well-known style, along with a bit of Hemingways personal beliefs and life. They are short on words, as a journalist would write, but not on the themes, that Hemingway the author wanted to convey to the reader. Hills Like White Elephants was a story about a girl and an American male who were discussing the fate of their unborn child. The story took place in a bar or cafe in Spain. Hemingway made the reader look for the true meaning of the story starting with the title by using symbolism. The story had nothing to do with hills or white elephants, but Hemingways choice of words and his use of dialogue between the two people soon guided the reader to realize that the title represented the real problem being dealt with by the girl and the American. The hills represented the two choices, or decisions, the girl had to make, either keep the baby alive in her womb or have an abortion. The hills might also have represented the difficulties of relationships. One hill is described as fields of grain and trees, or fertile, while the other is described as having no shade and no trees, or barren. The white elephant symbolized the mystery of what life had to offer, or something that nobody wantedthe baby. The dialogue used between the girl and the American showed the reader that the relationship was strained, Just because you say I wouldnt have doesnt prove anything. The American also tried to get the girl to see things his way by saying that the abortion he wanted her to have is perfectly simple. The story was typical of Hemingways Iceberg Theory. There was more going on in the story than just a conversation at a bar. The story was also a bit different from most of Hemingways other works. He seemed to have made the girl more superior than the male, more like a Hemingway hero, and also allowed her to display the Hemingway code, I feel fine. , even though she was faced with a big decision in her life-one that could change it no matter what she chose. A Clean Well-Lighted Place was a story about an old man, a young waiter, and an old waiter. This story also took place in a bar in some Spanish speaking country. The story dealt with the light inside the cafe and the darkness inside the old man. The cafe was a place the old man could escape the darkness, boredom, and nothingness-the Nada, of his life. It is well lit and represented a place the old man could seek comfort. Hemingway used this character to demonstrate that darkness, or death, awaits us all. Again, He used dialogue to let the reader see how the characters emotionally felt. The young waiter was aggravated by the old mans presence and said, I wish he would go home. Hemingway did not give the characters in this short story names because that was not necessary information for the reader. The reader only needed to feel the ideas in the story, Hemingway believed that it was not his name that was important but his words in his works. His concise wording gave the reader a chance to see his characters personalities. The young waiter stated that An old man is a nasty thing. which showed the reader that he had very little respect for the aging. During Hemingways final years, he resembled the old man in the cafe. Both were depressed and Hemingway wrote that he tried to commit suicide. The only difference between them was the old man did not succeed and Hemingway did. This story was also typical of his Iceberg Theory. There was much more going on in the bar than just people drinking. The old man also demonstrated the Hemingway hero and the Hemingway code. He faced death with courage and tried to show little or no emotion about his life ending. Many criticized Ernest Hemingway for his personal and sometimes less than perfect lifestyle, but very few critics can find fault in his literary works. They are works of a brilliant author who was very skilled at what he loved to dowrite. According to the July 7, 1999 issue of Time Magazine, Ernest Hemingway deserved the Nobel Prize for Literature and the trumpets of fame that went with this prestigious honor. He received this award for his best selling novel, The Old Man and the Sea. He broke the bounds of American writing, enriched U. S. Literature ?. and showed new ways to new generations of writers. He was only one of five other American born writers to receive this honor. It also stated that Hemingway wrote this novel over 200 times before he felt it was ready for publication and that perhaps he was his own best critic. The words Hemingway wrote were described as ?. an organic being of their own. Every syllable counts toward a stimulating, entrancing experience of magic and fibrous and athletic, colloquial and fresh, hard and clean. Ernest Hemingway was referred to as an artist and brilliant with whatever words he chose to paint with. Ernest Hemingway was a very interesting person and an enriching author. I enjoyed reading and studying the two short stories, Hills Like White Elephants and A Clean Well-Lighted Place. His style of using dialogue, symbolism, and concise wording made these works a challenge? but a challenge I liked. Hemingway worked timelessly to perfect his writing so that it could be appreciated by readers of all ages? even those of us who thought literature was not for them. Bibliography Ernest (Miller) Hemingway. DISCovering Authors. Online Edition. Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 12 April 2007 http://galenet. galegroup. com/servlet/SRC Hunt, Douglas. The Riverside Anthology of Literature. Dallas: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. Kramer, Victor A. Hemingway, Ernest. World Book Online Reference Center. 2007. 12 April 2007. Kunitz, Stanley J. Twentieth Century Authors. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1955. Segall, Mary T. Portals. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace College, 1999.

Hostage Negotiation Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostage and barricade incidents are amongst the most difficult, emotional, and sometimes potentially lethal situations that a negotiator can be involved in. Often, the hostage taker shows signs of mental illness, drug or alcohol intoxication, or personal disputes accompanied by a high level of emotion. (Feldmann) These contributing factors lead to impulsive and often unpredictable behavior on the part of the hostage taker. It is sometimes impossible for negotiators to anticipate possible outcomes and complications that could arise from these incidents. Negotiators use a wide variety of tools, information, and strategies to try and resolve whatever grievances and demands the perpetrator is exhibiting. The main focus on the part of the negotiator is to keep the hostage alive, then try to negotiate a surrender. There is a considerable risk to both the victims and law enforcement when dealing with a hostage situation. (Feldmann) This paper will ide ntify and distinguish several high risk factors that negotiators and law enforcement use to extinguish potentially lethal situations. The presence or absence of these factors can influence the outcome of a situation for the better or for the worst. Second, this paper will identify several motivations for hostage taking. Why and what would prompt an individual to take hostages? Several influential and background reasons will be examined. Finally, some successful and also failed negotiations will be explored, with possible reasons and explanations to what factors made them either a success or a failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostage negotiation is as much of an art as it is a science. The negotiator not only holds the lives of the victims in his hands, but the lives of law enforcement and the hostage taker as well. His persuasiveness and communication abilities have the power to protect and save lives. The Hostage Taker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most common reasons for a hostage taking situation is desperation. The hostage taker feels desperate because of either what he has done or what he is doing. (DeFao) Taking a hostage is a split second decision usually made out of desperation. (DeFao) A person who is in the process of committing a crime, for instance a bank robber who has been surrounded or confron... ...he presence of high-risk factors, consider all other intelligence available, and combine this information with the assessments made by both the negotiation and tactical teams. This combined information will assist in differentiating between a genuine hostage situation, and a pseudo-hostage situation. The success or failure of the situation ultimately lies in the persuasive and communication abilities of the negotiator. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feldmann, Theodore : Hostage Negotiation Research. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences: University of Louisvillle school of Medicine: Jan.15, 2001 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WWW. hostagenegotiationtraining.com 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry: Psychiatric consultation to police hostage negotiation teams: Volume 19, 1998, p.27-44 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VanZandt, Clinton : Hostage/Barricade Situations: Special operations Unit Training Manual: FBI Academy 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DeFao, Janine: Hostage crisis calls for an artists touch: Sacramento Bee: Sunday, March 5, 1995: 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WWW. rcmp-learning.org/docs/ecdd1216.htm

Human Behavior Essay

Human behavior can negatively or positively affect the environment. Environmental settings such as pollution, crowding, heat, or noise may be a source of that can negatively impact the environmental quality, conditions. The environment can be positively impacted by structures, green areas or health facilities. There are simple solutions that can help in getting started with these efforts. Explain how environmental cues shape behavior and provide at least one example Environmental cues are the normal elements that the general public does not control. For this reason, individuals are required to obey the rules with regard to the environmental cues. Examples would be the environmental cues such as sustenance accessibility and high temperature fluctuations commonly upset the nourishing routines of wildlife. A grocery store, as another example can has been sensibly designed to give the experience to take full advantage of the amount of money you will spend by the time you walk out. This i ncludes fundamentals like inserting necessities such as milk and eggs on the furthest side from the entry so you have to walk through additional lanes to get there, placing foods with kid appeal on lower shelves so they can see and request it, as well as placing impulse objects by the cash registers to get your attention while waiting in line. Even the smell drifting from the bakery has been intended to increase the amount of items in your shopping cart. The human mind typically takes part in certain actions centered on the familiar environmental cues and patterns. If people gather in an environment where the use of drugs is rampant, this means that majority of the population will take on to this behavior without bearing in mind the harmful effects that their acts could have in the long run. This means that human beings have a part of planting something in the environment that can generate change and reduce the negative effects that are currently experienced. A good model would be  implementation of a practice to make use of decomposable bags for grocery shopping as a replacement for the disposable plastics. This is because the plastics ordinarily have harmful effects on the environment in several ways. People typically do not dispose of the correctly and they have the potential of being a health risk to animals if they happen to swallow them while eating. The implementation of this method will influence the environment positively in the long run because the behaviors of people will change accordingly. Evaluate how behavior can be modified to support sustainability and how this can limit a negative impact on the environment Behavior can be modified for example in our daily activities. Most people wake up in the more and brush their teeth as well as shower. Both of these activities require using water. Instead of letting the water run constantly while engaging in these activities a person can turn the water off while brushing and only use as needed or when showering rinse with the water to get wet then turn off while lathering up and back onto rinse off. This will all lessen the time the water is being used for less waste. When grocery shopping a person can elect to use either paper or their own environmentally safe bags for shopping. Sometimes a person tends to utilize their car out of habit and convenience. Instead of driving to the corner store a person may elect to walk or ride a bicycle. This in turn will reduce the amount of pollutants released in the air, also affording exercise for the individual. Describe how social norms influence behavior and beliefs about the environment Social norms affect t he method in which people conduct themselves, depending on the communal experiences and what the society expects of them. With the current generation nonetheless, these social norms have been washed away in many communities and this has had a very negative impact on the environment as well as the society at large. For instance, smoking was strictly prohibited for students and other younger generations. This is currently not the case as campus students are leading in smoking. This on the other hand has impacted the environment in a negative manner. Smoking on campus is still a problem and imposes a health risk for students and negative environmental impacts. There is a need to protect students, faculty and staff from exposure to second hand smoke on college campuses and create anticipation that this living and working environment be smoke free.  The argument that a person who smokes in the campus exposes the other nonsmokers to second hand smoke, something which can have negative effects to both their health. There are policies that can be implemented in campus to lessening the rate of smoking and chan ge the current attitudes of students towards this act. This is actually proven from the findings that students who study in areas where smoking is prohibited do not smoke at all in their entire lives. Smoking on campus has become widespread in spite of the health and environmental effects that are connected with this act. This is something that is raising voices of many advocates and particularly because of the negative effects that are connected with it. The worst part is that the people who do not smoke are also affected from the discharged smoke. It is consequently significant to come up with guidelines that will help in removing this act. This is the only way in which the environment will be kept and the health effects connected with smoking with diminish considerably. Identify at least two possible solutions that could successfully change behavior and habits in order to lessen negative environmental impact There are several possible solutions to possibly change the behaviors and habits that negatively affect the environment. The option of utilizing public transportation in turns reduces the fact of at least one extra vehicle being on the road that will cause pollution. Once people get rid of the negative associations that come with using public transportation. Another method would be to use energy efficient appliances. An individual can start off by replacing all the light bulbs in the house with energy efficient ones. Also replacing appliances to conserve the environment over a period of time. There are many things that individuals can do on a daily basis to positively impact the environment. It may be easier to start out in small steps maybe within the individual household, then work towards others on the outside. Any step or effort made is a positive step in the right direction. Changing the behavior and effects on the environment takes the work of all individuals that share this Earth. One person can only make so much of a difference. References Festinger, L. (2009). An Introduction to the Theory of Dissonance Vergragt, P. (2006). How Technology Could Contribute to a Sustainable World. Vries, H.  D., Backbier, E., Kok, G. and Dijkstra, M. (2006), The Impact of Social Influences in the Context of Attitude, Self-Efficacy, Intention, and Previous Behavior as Predictors of Smoking Onset. Journal of Applied Social Psychology

All 71 Refugees Crammed Into The Dark, Confined Space,

All 71 refugees crammed into the dark, confined space, hoping that soon they would see the light of Austria. The back door slammed shut, and they felt the truck take off. The bumps on the roads started to intensify. Fidgeting and moaning worsened the claustrophobic feeling, so they remained still and silent, trying to sleep through the rough journey. The rusty ventilation fan that provided limited air supply continued to make grating sounds. This all made sleeping much more difficult. The tiny light bulb, which provided their only source of light, continued to flicker like a mini strobe light. In each momentary snippet of blackness, they all died a little, only to come alive again in the next shallow burst of glimmer. All of the†¦show more content†¦As he looked around, he realized no one cared about his previous stature and authority. The bombing of his town replayed in his mind on repeat. With his town reduced to rubble, he sadly acknowledged that he was now reduced to the mayor of nothing. As time passed, the impatient mayor couldn’t take it anymore. He impulsively pushed past the rows of refugees to the front of the truck. Banging on the wall which separated them from the driver, he yelled, â€Å"Let us out!† The driver angrily shouted back, â€Å"This is not a 5-star luxury cruise! Shut up and wait till we get there!† Unmoved, he apathetically lit another cigarette and continued driving. The mayor was embarrassed by his failed attempt. He walked back with his head down. Moments later, the container became unusually silent. The engineer knew something was wrong. He looked around, and as his eyes gazed towards the fan, he noticed that the fan was not moving. It was neither blowing out air, nor making a sound. As he continued to stare at the fan, others started to notice. Then, everybody knew. Panic ensued as refugees screamed and cried, and feared that they would die within minutes. Groups of people forcefully pounded the back door, trying to get out. Arguments and small fights formed. In a matter of seconds, the container turned into an arena. The mayor couldn’t stand watching friends and family bickering. HeShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMichael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical